REASONS OF DECLINE :
A: Era of Aurangzeb
- Anti-Hindu Policies-Ban on Sattee, especially Jizya tax
- Empire expansion policy
- Absence from the Capital for around 25 years (due to different rebel challenges esp from Maratha's)
- Nobels became corrupt due to Aurangzeb's absence from the federal capital Delhi- started corruption in the collection of revenue later becoming powerful announced Independence from the Mughal Empire
- Heavy Economical taxes to earn maximum for the Treasury
- Promotion/Implementation of Islam (forcefully)-ban on singing and dance , Fixing length of beard
- Rebel from Marathas, Jats and Satnamis
- Large Army (heavy expenditure on the maintenance and supplies)
- Mansabdari (revenue collection) System became corrupt-Absence affected the administration of Government
- Bankruptcy due to continuous warfare
- Loss of Military expertise with time due to continuous warfare.
- Lack of quick communication service due the long distance to reach the desired destination-delayed the process of quick and effective action
- Aurangzeb's Government did heavy expenditure on warfare and art and architecture instead of investing money in the development of science and technology-e.g.:construction of Pearl Mosque
- The British who came as traders trying to take advantage of the poor administration of Aurangzeb's govt. -introduced their named coins (currency)- later, this British rebel was crushed by Aurangzeb- the British had to pay later as compensation to Aurangzeb.
B: After Aurangzeb
- Old aged Successors of Aurangzeb- Aurangzeb was 85 years old when died.
- Incompetent and pleasure seeking/loving successors
- War of succession continued for long
- Effect on treasury of the long wars of succession
- Corrupt Nobels announced Independence from the Mughal empire
- British traders became quite established by this time with the more in stable administration of poor , incompetent successors of Aurangzeb.
- Foreign Invaders like Nadir Shah - sacked Delhi- took the Peacock throne with him.
C: The British East India Company-BEIC
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| BEIC logo |
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| A record of EIC (trade) "receiving " receipt |
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| Mughal emperor Shah Alam hands a scroll to Robert Clive, transferring tax collecting rights (Diwani) to EIC |
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| EIC trade at harbor site |
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| British officer in the local Nawab 's court |
- The British East India Company with time grew very large and strong.
- BEIC was superior/strong in both arm and naval forces compared to their local and other European trade rivals like dutch Portuguese and French.
- Took advantage of in stable and weak Govt of Mughals.
- Helped the local Corrupt and power luster Nobels to rebel against Aurangzeb through Subsidiary Alliances.
- After the siege of Delhi ,successfully took control of the capital and put the Mughal king under British protectorate .Hence became more and more power .
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| padshahnama-detail-wall1 |
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| Tahmasp,_Humayun_Meeting |
